Text decoding refers to the process of converting encoded text into human-readable text. Encoded text is text that has been transformed from its original format into a different format, typically for the purpose of transmission or storage. Common examples of encoding schemes include ASCII, Unicode, and Base64.

Text decoding is a critical step in many applications, such as web browsers, email clients, and instant messaging applications, which need to display text that has been encoded in different formats.

Some of the most common encoding schemes used for text include:

1. ASCII: ASCII is a character encoding scheme that uses 7 bits to represent 128 characters, including letters, numbers, and symbols. ASCII is widely used for encoding text in English and other Western languages.
2. Unicode: Unicode is a character encoding scheme that uses variable-length encoding to represent a large number of characters from different languages and scripts, including Chinese, Japanese, and Arabic.
3. Base64: Base64 is a binary-to-text encoding scheme that is used to represent binary data in a printable ASCII format. Base64 is commonly used for encoding images and other binary files for transmission over the internet.

There are many tools and libraries available for text decoding, including programming languages like Python, which provide built-in functions for decoding text encoded in different formats. Developers can also use online tools or software applications that support text decoding, such as web-based Base64 decoders or Unicode character map utilities.